Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system. Uterine cancer is often detected at an early stage, and the prognosis is generally favorable if diagnosed and treated early. Here are key points about uterine cancer:
Types of Uterine Cancer:
- The most common type is endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
- Other less common types include sarcomas, carcinosarcomas, and clear cell carcinomas.
Risk Factors:
- Age, obesity, hormonal factors (such as hormone replacement therapy without progestin), diabetes, and certain genetic conditions (Lynch syndrome) can increase the risk.
Symptoms:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, is a common symptom.
- Other symptoms may include pelvic pain or discomfort and changes in urinary or bowel habits.
Diagnosis:
- Diagnosis involves a pelvic examination, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), endometrial biopsy, and, in some cases, dilation and curettage (D&C).
Staging:
- Staging determines the extent of the cancer and influences treatment decisions.
- Stages range from I (early) to IV (advanced).
Treatment Options:
- Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.
- The specific treatment plan depends on factors such as the stage of cancer and the overall health of the patient.
Hormone Receptor Status:
- Some uterine cancers are estrogen receptor-positive, and hormone therapy may be a treatment option.
Survival Rates:
- The prognosis for uterine cancer is generally good, particularly for early-stage cancers.
Prevention:
- Maintaining a healthy weight, managing diabetes, and using hormone replacement therapy with progestin can help reduce the risk.
Regular Checkups:
- Routine gynecological checkups are important for early detection and monitoring of any abnormal symptoms.
Lifestyle Factors:
- Healthy lifestyle choices, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, may contribute to overall well-being.
